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Learn Forex Trading

Learn Forex Trading

How does one learn Forex trading?
There exist a number of websites that will help you learn Forex trading and we will not make a recommendation on the best websites to use.  Rather there are some important things to look for when picking a service to help you learn Forex trading.
What are indicators of a good program to learn Forex trading?
Many programs that will teach you Forex trading will resemble a sales pitch and attempt to convince you to buy a product or service.  Usually this service to learn Forex trading will promise to “reveal secrets” that will make your investments more profitable, often claiming that the majority of other traders are constantly losing money.  This is usually a scare tactic to have you part with your money.  The trust is, only shrewd investing and diligence will ensure Forex profits and there is no secret or hidden “safe havens” that is not readily apparent to the entire Forex market.  Remember that the Forex market is only comprised of the currencies of most of the world’s nations, rather than the stock market where these tips would be more relevant.
Also, be wary of Forex learning programs that promise quick and high profits.  Forex trading is liquid, but also exceptionally risky, with small gains and losses potentially inflicting massive profits and financial loss, do not expect to strike it rich overnight.  Good programs that help you lean Forex trading will preach the importance of patience and diligence in position Forex trading and quick thinking in Forex day trading.
Many “work at home” enterprises and scams will promise these large profits when working with Forex trading.  Be suspicious of claims that seem to promote huge profits and the promise that you will be able to “quit your job.”  If everyone could learn Forex trading and quit their job, they would have done so already as Forex trading, despite its initial complexity, is not difficult to master.
What should I do when learning Forex trading?
You should almost certainly try a free simulator first.  You will start with imaginary capital and make investments as you would under normal circumstances.  You will be able to see if you can indeed make money in Forex trading and if such investing suits you.  Through these simulators, you will familiarize yourself with the common terminology used in Forex trading as there is an entire lingo devoted to investing and news about Forex trading.
You should become familiar with automatic trading programs that will make trades on your behalf, 24 hours a day.  Consumer reviews will be readily available for most trading programs, so you will be able to determine if such a purchase of either the program or service that comes with the program is worthwhile and a valuable tool to Forex traders.  Look for critical reviews and if you have learned your Forex lingo, you will be able to discern genuine reviews about the product to false reviews that shill for the product and are meant to scam those that are new to learning Forex trading.

Forex Currency Trading

Forex Currency Trading


What is Forex Currency Trading?
Trading on the Foreign Exchange Market, also known as Forex Currency Trading is a popular investing option for some.  Forex currency trading is popular due to the liquid nature of the assets, relatively low barriers to entry when compared to other investments and the continuous operation of the markets.  This does not mean however that there are lower risks in Forex trading and indeed a potential Forex investor can lose all of their initial investment if they are not careful.  The US Dollar is the most traded foreign currency, followed by the Euro.  Not all Forex currency trading is equal and banks and other large financial institutions will have access to more precise data based on customer interaction as well as the benefit of buying large quantities of foreign currency.

What factors affect Forex Currency Trading?
Those engaged in Forex Currency Trading must be aware of factors that change and determine the value of the currency on the market, aside from typical market forces of supply and demand.  In Forex currency trading, the rate of the London market is the accepted rate as these rates vary otherwise, depending on the currency exchange.
Other factors that will cause fluctuation in exchange rates include:
GDP growth of the country
Inflation
Interest rates
Budget and trade deficits
Corporate acquisitions across borders
Current political and social conditions in the country
How do economic policies affect Forex currency trading?
Interest rates are the means by which government banks influence the supply of money, either by encouraging saving through high interest rates, or cutting interest rates to stimulate the flow of currency.  The actions of central banks have a large effect on the Forex currency trading of that currency.  Poor government budgetary policy, generally running current and future deficits will lower the value of the currency, reflecting investor concern about the long term viability of holding that currency.
Demand increases when a country is in good financial health, generally indicated by economic growth, low unemployment, a productive economy and retail sales.
What are internal market factors in Forex currency trading?
Forex investors exhibit behaviors that can turn market conditions.  For instance, there is a preference for “safe haven” assets in times of instability and market turmoil.  These safe havens will experience higher value for their currency when their currency is perceived as strong.  The Swiss Franc and units of gold are currently considered safe havens and experience robust prices.
Forex investors will usually consider long term trends when making investing decisions.  Proven patterns exist in Forex currency trading and those that study these patterns will generally heed them when making investing decisions.  This is related to Forex currency trading decisions based on economic data, as data patterns generally indicate where the value of the currency will go, especially in light of weak economic data.
Rumors also play a large role in Forex currency trading and some may feel inclined to buy and sell on such rumors, with the expectation that the rationale behind the rumor will match expected patterns for foreign currency.

Currency Converter

Currency Converter



What is a currency converter?
Exchange rates change every day, so you must use a currency converter that is updated daily, even hourly, to receive the best and most accurate quote.  Remember that currency converters will not incorporate the fees that will be charged by credit card companies, banks and exchange bureaus.  These added fees are generally posted with the exchange rates at the location of the business.  
Google Currency Converter
The easiest way to find out the exchange rate is to type it into Google.  The first result will generally be the currency converter, provided you have entered the search term correctly.  For instance:
1. Type into the search bar:
o 1 USD to EUR
2. This will activate the currency converter, as there are two currency terms, representing the US Dollar and the Euro.  The results will display a chart showing the 5 year exchange rate trend and:
o 1 US dollar = 0.7492 euros
3. This number will obviously change from day to day. 
4. If you desire, you will be able to type other amounts into the currency converter tool
If you do not know the proper currency term, Google will generally recognize what you are trying to do.  So you may type “1 USD to Ruble” and the search results will display the currency converter tool with information on the Russian Ruble (RUB).  As you are using a search engine, finding the currency term for any country’s currency will not be difficult.
Of course, if you are at a store or tourist location, you may not have access to a computer, nor will checking every price be feasible.  Most mobile phones from the past decade (post-2000) will have calculators that have alternate currency converter functions.  You will simply need to add the current rate into the program and it will convert any amounts you punch in.  More advanced phones will have applications that update the currency rates regularly. 
 For a slightly lower tech alternative, a cheap handheld calculator will also work well.  Simply determine how much you will need to multiply the local currency to determine its value in your local currency.  For example, with the previous mentioned USD-EUR rate, you must multiply the Euro amount by 1.3 to approximate the value in USD.  Clearly, this method is less accurate at larger amounts, so you must use a proper currency converter before making a large foreign purchase.  This currency conversion will help you make a judgment on the value of the item.  
The calculator is also a valuable tool for haggling in countries where you do not speak the native language.  The majority of merchants around the world will recognize the Arabic numbers that we use to denominate value.  Just be sure that you are haggling in the foreign currency rather than your own to avoid a tragic breakdown in communication.

Public Finance

Public Finance

What is Public Finance
The purpose of public finance is a description that looks at the governmental effects, efficient resource allocation distribution of income, and macroeconomic stabilization of the expenditures and revenue of public authorities. The collection of adequate resources from the economy in a suitable manner along with apportioning and use of these assets efficiently and successfully constitute good financial management. Issues such as resource allocation, resource generation, and expenditure management are some of the necessary components in a public financial management system.
The appropriate role of government offers a starting point for the examination of public finance. Theoretically, under certain conditions private markets will assign goods and services among individuals proficiently, in a way that does not allow waste to occur while allowing for individual tastes to match the productive abilities of the economy. If the private markets had the ability to provide efficient results and if the dissemination of income were publicly acceptable, then there would be very little if not no scope for government. The In many situations, however, the conditions for efficiency in the private market are very often violated. 
In respect public finance, market failure happens when the private markets do not properly allocate goods or services in an efficient manner. The existence of market failures allows for efficiency-based rationale for a collective or governmental provision of services and goods. Public goods, informational advantages, externalities, network effects, and strong economies of scale, all can cause market failures. 
Public finance is very closely connected to various issues of social equity and income distribution. Governments may reallocate income by transferring payments or by creating tax systems that look at treat high-income or low-income households in a different manner.
Government Expenditures and Financing in Public Finance
Economists typically classify government expenditures into three different categories. There are government purchases of services and goods for current use which are called government consumption. The second expenditure is the purchases of services and goods that are intended to make future benefits, like research spending or infrastructure investment, which are government investments. The last government expenditure is the represent transfers of money rather than purchase of services and goods , for example social security payments, which are transfer payments.
In order to pay for these expenditures in public financing, the government finances these expenditures through government non-tax revenue and taxes or through government borrowing. 
The method that a government decides on to finance its government expenditures can have profound effects on the country’s distribution of wealth, income, and income redistribution as well as the efficiency of the country’s markets in terms of the effect of the taxes on efficiency and market prices. The concern of how taxes can affect income distribution is very closely related to tax incidence, which looks at the dispersal of tax loads after-market adjustments are looked at. Research with public finance also looks at the effects of the different types of taxes as well as types of borrowing along with administrative concerns, like tax enforcement.

Currency Conversion

Currency Conversion

What is currency conversion?
Currency conversion is the most basic form of participating in Foreign Exchange markets where two foreign currencies are exchanged at a rate determined by the market.  For example, if the currency conversion rate is 80 Japanese Yen to the US Dollar, then one will receive 80 JPY for 1 USD, before applicable fees taken by the currency conversion broker.  Any time the exchange rate decreases, the base currency is appreciating in value against the other currency.  Anytime the exchange rate increases, the base currency has depreciated against the other currency.
What are buying and selling rates?
Most currency conversion brokers will offer different buying and selling rates and these rates will depend on a number of factors.  Most rates will account for the profit the broker will need to make in order to justify the transaction.  If the rate does not account for this, then there is usually a percentage commission on the transaction that will be quoted before the transaction and usually posted by the transaction rates.  All buying and selling rates depend on the local currency and the broker will usually exchange only in that local currency.
Buying and selling rates may also vary with the type of currency that will be converted.  There are generally surcharges for such electronic payments as the brokers must account for the costs of processing such payments.
Exchange rates will change based on supply and demand for that currency, so when demand is lower than supply the exchange rate will be lowered.  Changes in interest rates can spur speculation in a currency with higher interest rates leading to increased buying of the currency.
What is a peg?
Pegging a currency means to manage a currency rather than having it exposed to the full extent of market forces.  For instance, the Chinese Yuan is pegged to the American Dollar and has been since the end of World War II.  The Breton Woods system was a system of pegged exchange rates between the US Dollar and several Western European countries before being scrapped in the 1970s in favor of the current market based Forex.  Currencies can be over or under valued as a result of pegs, due to trade imbalances.
Where can one conduct a currency conversion?
Banks have been the general standard for typical currency conversion transactions with these financial systems holding large amounts of foreign currency.  Depending on the branch, the foreign currency may have to be requested in advance before the transaction can be carried out.  This retail currency conversion can take place in the US or in the foreign nation and will be very convenient if that bank has a branch in the foreign nation.  More common in tourist areas are Bureaux de Exchange kiosks, which will meet the needs of typical tourists by conducting a currency conversion from foreign currency into the local currency.  The commission or transaction rates are usually slightly higher than a typical bank.  One’s credit cards can sometimes be used abroad, depending on the company and international network.  The card can be used for purchases as well as receiving local currency through ATMs.

Retirement

Retirement

Automated Forex Trading

Automated Forex Trading

What is Automated Forex Trading?
Forex describes the Foreign Exchange Market and is a financial system that trades currencies.  This enables countries to engage in trade with each other as well as investment and speculation in to the value of currencies by investors.  Forex is a popular traded asset due to its high liquidity, low barrier to market entrance and continuous trading.  This is opposed to the restricted trading hours of stocks and the vast number of investment possibilities associated with these investments.  By comparison, there are only a few major currency pairings in Forex.  There are however, different levels of access to the market, with large firms and banks receiving the best access and most accurate rates due to purchasing in high volume, compared to small investors.  Recent developments in software have led to automated Forex trading that enables the trader to set a “robot” to make trades on their behalf.  This saves the Forex trader a significant amount of time that would be spent micromanaging.
What are market forces in Forex?
The majority of trading in Forex is speculation on the future value of the currency.  This means that the majority of traders is not buying the currency for actual use, but will be holding it as an asset, in hopes that factors affecting the currency, such as central bank policies will cause the value of the currency to rise, thus netting the trader a profit.  Other transactions would involve the buying of foreign currency for securities purchases for investors in one nation seeking to invest in another.  Traders will vary in their approach with some constantly trading in the day and emptying all assets by the end of  trading and others holding assets for lengthy periods of time to position themselves to take advantage of favorable conditions.
How does automated Forex trading work?
The trader will program the automated Forex trading tool to make trades based on preset criteria, generally buying a currency when it meets a certain threshold or selling a currency once its value has increased or diminished at a certain level.  More advanced programs may even include algorithms that predict potential market conditions and make trades with a stunningly successful profit/loss rate.  Most automated Forex trading programs tout the ability of the program to make “emotion-free” decisions, which stands in contrast to emotion-based trading where the investor may panic and sell early, trust their intuition and take a significant loss, or make a decision with poor or incomplete information on history trends on that currency.  In ideal circumstances, automated Forex trading takes the guesswork out of currency trading.
What are some dangers of automated Forex trading?
You may not be willing to trust your investments to an automated system, especially as it runs 24 hours a day and is constantly trading without supervision.  While this is advantageous for some, if the “robot” lacks sufficient safe guards to monitor losses, then it may make poor trades.  Many automated Forex trading programs will not account for news and relevant market factors.  Whereas a human trader would be able to factor news of central bank interventions and potential instability, the automated Forex trading program will only catch onto the trend with a constantly analysis of the movement on the asset.  Therefore, a human could theoretically react quicker on tips and new developments than the program could.  Some automatic Forex trading firms will compensate for this by automatically updating the program with these tips and trends, but this will not be the case for all programs.

Your Guide to International Banks

Your Guide to International Banks

What is an International Bank?
An international bank is a banking institution that operates overseas and actively manages foreign accounts. Although the roles and basic functions of an international bank are similar to other banking institutions, the ability to deliver typical functions to customer and business accounts in different countries is the fundamental difference of international banks and smaller regionalized banking systems.
The typical regional bank in the United States possesses the ability to process checking accounts, savings accounts, or lending practices in limited jurisdictions. These banks do not handle accounts that are opened overseas nor do they lend funds to international businesses or customers.
An international bank is a financial entity that offers international companies and individual clients financial services, such as payment accounts and lending opportunities. Although the term ‘foreign clients’ encompasses both international businesses and individuals, every international bank will operate under its own policies that outline how they conduct their particular business.
According to OCRA Worldwide—an international organization that connects individual customers and companies to various international banking systems—an international bank will tend to offer their varied services to companies those wealthy individuals (typically individual clients with $100,000 accounts). That being said, some international banks, specifically banks in Switzerland, will offer their services to customers of any income bracket.
Why would a Business or an Individual Open an International Bank Account?

A company or corporation will open an account with an international bank to help facilitate international business (proposals, lending, or investment strategies executed in foreign countries). The facilitation is necessary due to the ever-changing and complex international laws that regulate international business transactions.
An individual will conduct business with an international bank for a variety of reasons, including tax avoidance. This process, which is most commonly attached to offshore banking, isn’t necessarily illegal, but is complicated due to the variance in tax laws that exist between foreign countries. Additionally, many individuals utilize international bank account to store their home country’s currency or income to take advantage or rates and taxes. As a result, numerous international banks are based in countries with low or no income and estate taxes, such as Belize, the Cayman Islands, Panama, and the Isle of Man.

Individuals will also open an international bank account to invest in the booming economies of particular countries, such as those in developing nations. Foreign banks may also be utilized to achieve a higher interest rate that is found domestically.
Another reason why an individual may store their money in an international bank account is to keep their funds safe from lawsuits or other legal actions.
What is an International Bank Account Number?
An international bank account number is a system that enables a financial institution to recognize a particular bank account regardless of where the account resides. The system was developed to enable the process of managing transactions that involved bank accounts connected with banks that were not located in the country.
The international bank account numbering system was primarily utilized among European nations; however, as international banking services become more popular, the use of the system is becoming more globalized.

Depreciation

Depreciation


What is Depreciation?
As a financial term, “depreciation” refers to the following separate, but related concepts: 
o Depreciation may refer to the decline in the value of assets
o Depreciation may also refer to the allocation of the cost of assets to periods where the assets are used
• The first definition of depreciation affects the values of goods, assets, businesses and entities, while the latter predominantly affects net income. 
Different entities will define depreciation in an assortment of ways; however, in a general sense, the term refers to the diminishing value attached to a good, asset or business organization as a result of the underlying object’s wear and tear, obsolescence or deterioration. For example, if a consumer purchases a television, with the most updated technology, that particular television will invariably undergo depreciation within the next five years, as newer and better televisions hit the market. 
Depreciation in Accounting:
When determining the profits (net income) from a specific activity, the receipts from the activity must be reduced by the appropriate costs. One such cost is the expense of the underlying assets used, but not necessarily consumed, in the activity. The cost of an asset is the difference between the amount paid for the asset and the amount expected to be received upon its forfeiture, sale or disposition. 
Depreciation refers to any method of allocating such net costs to those periods expected to benefit from the use of the asset. As a result, depreciation is a method of allocation and not valuation in accounting. 
Any business using tangible assets may incur costs related to the aforementioned asset groups. When the assets produce a benefit in future periods, the costs must be deferred rather than treated as current expenditures. The business will then record depreciation expenses as an allocation of such costs for financial reporting purposes. When evaluating deprecation as an accounting concept the following criteria must be analyzed: the cost of the asset, the estimated useful life of the asset, a method of apportioning the cost over such life and the expected savage value or residual value of the asset.
How does the IRS define Depreciation?
The Internal Revenue Service defines depreciation as an income tax deduction that allows a taxpayer to recover the cost of certain property. Depreciation, in regards to taxation, refers to the annual allowance for the wear and tear, deterioration or obsolescence of the property.
The majority of tangible property (with the exception of land), such as buildings, vehicles, machinery, furniture and equipment are depreciable. In order for a taxpayer to be allowed a depreciation deduction for a property, the investment must meet all the following requirements:
o The taxpayer must own the property
o The taxpayer must use the property in business or in an income-producing activity.
o The property must possess a determinable useful life of more than one year.   

SEC

SEC

What is the SEC?
The SEC is an acronym for the Securities and Exchange Commission, which is the regulatory body mandated by the Federal government of the United States employed to investigate and regulate matters involving financial and investment activity of the public, commercial market.
The History of the SEC
The SEC was founded in 1934; many historians attribute the formation of the SEC to the stock market crash, which had occurred only years prior in 1929 – this stock market crash is oftentimes referred to as ‘The Stock Market Crash of 1929’. Subsequent to this crash of the stock market, a national depression and economic recession swept over the United States, credited in part to the crash of the stock market. Although no definitive attribution exist with regard to the exact reasons for the Stock Market Crash of 1929, both historians and economists have managed to place the some of the responsibility for the crash – and subsequent economic downturn – to a drastic decline in the valuation of stocks traded within the stock market at the time:
As the stock prices began to fall, a panic swept over a multitude of investors who quickly rushed to exchange their respective stocks prior to further decreases in value
The economic devastation resulting from the Stock Market Crash of 1929 prompted to the Federal Government to create an agency to regulate trade and exchange activity occurring within the open market in order to avoid the repeat of such a catastrophic event; this resulted in the creation of the SEC
What is the Open Market?
Public trading conducted within the realm of the stock market, which is oftentimes referred to as the ‘Commercial Market’ or the ‘Open Market’ must be undertaken in methodologies authorized by the SEC; these guidelines ensure that the activities occurring with regard to both invest and finance are conducted in a manner that is conducive to any and all legality expressed within applicable legislature – the following activities are both regulated and authorized by the SEC:
The commercial trade and exchange of securities, which include bonds, security certificates, and bank notes
The commercial trade and exchange of stock or shares belonging to publically traded companies
The behavior and activities undertaken by both private investors, as well as investors represented by financial and investment firms
The professional activity of financial firms, publically-traded companies, conglomerate organizations, financial firms, and investment institutions
What Does the SEC Do?
The creation of the SEC allowed for the Federal Government to undertake regulation of investment activity with regard to the procedures undertaken by any or all individuals participating in commercial market activity; in theory, SEC regulation is considered to allow for the Federal Government to enact a measure of damage control with regard to addressing legal, financial issues prior to catastrophic development:
The SEC undertakes the regulation of commercial trade activity
The SEC enacts the mandating of any or all lawful and ethical trade and exchange activity taking place
The Sec provides commercial investors and potential investors alike with documented reporting and information with regard to the background, legality, financial history, and legal review of all publically-traded companies
 

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